By: Ariane Zely
Deeply mourn the death of trainee workers standard safety procedures PT Freeport Indonesia (PT FI) from 14/5 to 21/5 in the Big Gossan training facility owned by Freeport in Tembagapura, Mimika. Reported that about 38 people had been buried in the collapse of the underground mine tunnel, and to date 21 people have been found dead, and 10 people suffered injuries in care, while the other 7 are still in the search effort, and less likely to be found alive. This landslide has resulted in the death of the largest known in the history of mining landslide PT. FI.
This event is only fitting to bring back the attention of the public, particularly the humanitarian workers who care Papua, on the PT. Freeport and Papua: two big names that play an important role in the political history of economic Indonesia.Peristiwa also come amid plans PT.FI work contract extension and negotiate royalties with the Indonesian government, as well as contract renewal negotiations with the workers SPSI PT. FI who had gone on strike in late 2011 and then to demand an increase in wages and workplace safety.
We have not forgotten, that in the strike Ayamseba shot Peter, and to the present investigation process is not clear and none of the perpetrators were arrested. We have not forgotten that PT Freeport Indonesia is listed as one of the worst multinational companies in 1996. Economic benefits envisioned not as promised, and instead be paid to the environmental degradation and deterioration of communities around the mine site. Freeport has often come under fire for a variety of violations of law and human rights as well as environmental impacts and impoverishment of the people. Freeport gold and copper no hubungannyadengan improving the welfare of the people of Papua. Papua remained the poorest provinces in Indonesia, with levels highest risk of disease and death, and violence by the army the largest in the whole of Indonesia-have 100,000 people since the death of Freeport operated.
Every day Freeport mining operations discard 230,000 tons of waste rock into the river Aghawagon and surrounding rivers. Ataupembuangan acid-rock drainage water containing acid-as 360000-510000 tons per day telahmerusak two valleys covering 4 miles (6.5 km) to a depth of 300 meters. Grasberg such enormous reserves to exploration will result in 6milyar tons of industrial waste.
Not the first time
According to reports in the stepfamily Sapariah Mogabay-Indonesia, Freeport mine collapse was not the first, and not the first time also the case just disappeared without clarity. On March 23, 2006 three employees of PT. Pontil, subcontractors PT. Freeport, was killed in a landslide in the mining area. Like the Big Gossan landslide, PT. FI states in collaboration with the Ministry of Energy to search for the causes of landslides, but the result was never known to the public. On October 9, 2003, according to a report Down To Earth, a massive landslide at Grasberg resulting in 8 people were killed and 5 wounded. South wall collapsed mine excavation and 2.3 million tons of rock and mud bottoms hit the miners. Ironic, because according to the Sydney Morning Herald, Freeport actually knew disaster warning but let the workers enter the danger zone, whereas the single worker has been given a warning about the potential dangers of operating leadership tersebut.Kementerian Energy and Mining to form a team of investigators, but it was unclear who held accountability.
While Rozik B Soethibto, President Director of PT. FI, said it would conduct a thorough investigation of post-rescue involving international experts and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, and will ensure this incident does not recur. Similarly SBY in his Twitter message. But none of them are reminiscent of the fate of the previous 7-year investigation, which led not clear. Of course we often see that in every tragedy that killed innocent people such as this, where the stakeholders and accountability into the public spotlight, promises inquiry will diumbar, and when the spotlight was meredum and disappeared, no man's promises remained promises.
Now the officials come in droves to deposit advance and condolences to the scene. After CEO and President of parent company Freeport McMoran and Gold Inc. Richard Adkerson come to Timika May 18, the Monitoring Team of Papua and Aceh special autonomy was accompanied by Deputy chair of the House and other House teams are also not behind plans to visit.
Last rumored Minister, Jero Wacik, and Labor Minister, Muhaimin Iskandar, were denied entry by PT. FI on the grounds that the evacuation process is still ongoing. Although SBY said it would keep sending the two ministers, but still demand the government ignored for Freeport is not soon to approach the scene. Freeport does have such power in the state in the country, especially when we investigate the following history.
'Copper, Gold and Oil Blood'
Papuan political dispute is closely associated with mineral wealth contained in the soil. The control of Papua is a farm business craze that is before us today.
1935, NNGPM (the Nederlandsche Nieuw-Guinee Petroleum Maatschappij) began to explore the western part of Papua (Vogel Kop - Bird's Head, aka the Bird's Head) area of 10 million hectares. Ore mineral discovery later in 1936 Hertzberg be the beginning of a humanitarian disaster in Papua today. Keep in mind that not necessarily Papua became part of Indonesia after the defacto independence in 1945-as well as the people on the island paradise was not a part of the process of the development of Indonesian nationalism in Papua 1928.Belanda fiercely defend the Round Table talks in 1949, and started 10 years Papuanisation process in 1957, and for the first time the Morning Star flag fluttering on December 1, 1961.
Erstberg that had lain dormant for 20 years began to be considered again after the gold reserves are also found around the Arafura Sea. And Freeport McMoran Copper and Gold from the United States also helped take the opportunity working directly with Suharto to investigate Erstberg. In such a situation the New York Agreement born August 15, 1962, and handed over administration UNTEA Papua (now West New Guinea) in Indonesia. [1] The result is "integration" of Papua into Indonesia, in the gunpoint, through which is regarded as opinion polls (Act of) 1969 which was attended by about 1026 (adult Papuans of Papua adult population of 815 000 at the time.
We remember two years before the Act of Free Choice, it was Law No. 1 1967 PMA has been born and PT. Freeport got the full blessing of exploration contracts in Papua Erstberg. In the Indonesian political context of these events may occur after the Suharto New Order managed to become the winner of the disastrous slaughter of no less than 1 million people supporting Sukarno and the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). How can a natural resource exploration contracts signed with the region that has not become legally part of Indonesia? In all this dredging business economics, since its potential was found in 1936 in the area of what is now Papua, Papuan people since the beginning of the original has been abandoned and neglected. Indonesian corporations, the United States, the Netherlands and Inggrislah the players, while at the same time other Indonesian regions became economic game rake such countries.
PEPERA is a milestone in the economic and social destruction of the commencement of the indigenous culture Papua.Tak less than 100,000 indigenous Papuan people have been killed in various operations of cleansing the Free Papua movement in various parts of Papua New Order berkuasa.Diantara since the largest military operation ever conducted was Operation Aware (1965 -1967), Operating Brathayudha (1967-1969), Operation Dignity (1969), Operation Jayawijaya (1977), Operation Clean Sweep I and II (1982), Operation Galang I and II (1982), Operation Tumpas (1983-1984) , Operation Clean Sweep (1985), Military Operations Area (1989-1998), and restrictions on international visit since 2003.
In a setting like that rake the economic exploration and expropriation of indigenous Papuans in intensity. Investors-investors from the United States, Britain, Australia, Japan, China, and Indonesia itself competing for control of the resources of Papua. And the result, according to the report Forest Watch Indonesia, from Papua 79.62% forest cover in 2000-2009, 38.72% has been deforested-largest of all regions.
Accumulation of profit over human rights abuses
PT.FI owned Grasberg is the world's largest gold mine. Manurut report in 2010 PT.FI benefits of RP. 4000 trillion. Recent exploitation of this mine is in talks to be extended again until 2041. Since four decades of operation, the total contribution (royalties, dividends, PPH agencies and employees) are paid on the FI government until June 2011 amounted to 12.8 billion USD [2]. While the employee's salary is only about 3.5-5.5 million dollars. Daisy Primayanti, head of corporate communications PT. FI said that Gasberg gold production in 2013 is targeted to increase 39.2% to 1.2 million ounces from the previous 862 thousand ounces. While copper production in 2013 is set to increase to 58.5% to 1.1 billion pounds compared to the previous 694 million pounds.
In that situation, talk Freeport, even entire investment in the economic giant dredger Papua road map MP3EI, should not dilepaslan of the review history, socio-cultural and ecological settings and the impact of humanity is happening today. Therefore, can not be allowed anymore related talks this to be just another extractive economic calculations and for the benefit of economic growth.
Traces the history of the entry of Freeport is appropriation, occupation, control of land and natural persons Amungme and Comoros, destroyed the economy and livelihood of the indigenous people. Amungme people and displaced and marginalized Comoros continued economic, political, social and cultural invasion of the capital by promising economic growth in the cities that were created by the mining and infrastructure, including large-scale displacement of the population of P. Java to Papua by the New Order government. In the 1990s the area around the population swelled to more than 60,000 people, making Timika be "economic zone" of the fastest growing in the entire archipelago (culturalsurvival.org). One percent royalty indigenous communities are candies that are not clear and the practice is intended to divide the Papuans themselves [3].
Human rights violations against indigenous Papuans continue to occur in many of the most evil forms: torture, rape, discrimination, exclusion, killings, enforced disappearances, arbitrary arrests, intimidation, surveillance and pengamcaman, as well as the closure of democratic space that badly, impeding access to sit in representation, sumber2 destruction of their lives, a crime against the rights of cultures and spirituality, as well as the forced displacement of communities of people.
Most of these crimes-including those that cause damage to the environment-is a product of the Freeport mining operation. And other crimes-such as violence-is the result of the use of military force against the people of Indonesia. Currently none of the data can be by showing how real bright Indonesian soldiers stationed in Papua. The organic and non-organic troops increased, surely army posts and growing territorial command [4], the people were killed, imprisoned for political attitudes, the right of expression and assembly, also increases. Since 2003, as many as 40 people have been jailed for political posturing, and since May 1, 2013 increased again at least 29 people. It is clear, who has 15 years of reform in Indonesia does not apply in Papua.
In the political economy setting like this is Big Gossan landslide occurred. Death of 21 people is the largest in the history of Freeport safety that we know. And Freeport, as the most monumental social and ecological destructive force, could not, should be controlled by discontinued operations related to the overall audit violations of human rights and ecology are doing. Who can do it? That is certainly not the government in Jakarta today, special autonomy, division, or special autonomy UP4B plus ala Lucas Enembe and SBY, but Papuans are united and willed himself politically. ***
The author is Coordinator of the National Papua Solidarity (BREATH).
[1] http://infonapas.blogspot.com/2013/04/1-mei-biarkan-rakyat-papua-berekspresi.html. Pursuant to the agreement New York (New York Agreement), the Dutch handed over administration of the territory of West New Guinea to an agency of the United Nations (UN) named: United Nations Temporary Executive Authority (UNTEA), which is then handed over to Indonesia on May 1, 1963. Four points Agreements New York (New York Agreement) which we want to underline in this 50th anniversary year are as follows: (1) The delivery is limited to the "wholly administrative responsibilities", not surrender sovereignty (Article XIV), (2) During the period transition, Indonesia has the responsibility to run the "intensification of the people's education, eradicate illiteracy, and the promotion of economic development, social and cultural" (Article XV), (3) At the end of 1969, under the supervision of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, held the act of free choice would be for the people of Papua to determine their political status "if they wish to remain with Indonesia or they break their ties with Indonesia (Article XVIII), (4) Indonesia" will honor that commitment "(paragraph 3 of Article XXII) to guarantee fully the rights of the people Papua, including the rights to freedom of opinion and freedom of assembly and perform the movement (Article XII paragaf 1).
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